Vote counting has now began in Zambia following the successful staging of the southern African nation’s general elections.

After 12 hours of voting, polling stations started closing at 6 pm (1600 GMT), though several hundreds still in queues were being allowed to cast their ballots.

Some voters complained about the slow pace of the voting in an election that is seen as a test of Zambia’s democracy.

President Edgar Lungu deployed more troops in parts of the country to quell election violence in the tightly contested polls pitting him against long-time rival Hakainde Hichilema. There was also a partial internet restriction.

Lungu said election-day violence had killed two people — including the chairman of his party in North-Western province.

In a statement, he said he had directed the army commander “to quickly re-enforce security in North-Western, some parts of Western, and Southern provinces where this unprecedented violence is taking place”.

– Fraud fears –

“I will not take kindly to these evil schemes,” he vowed. “How can you talk about free and fair elections when our opponents have taken this election as war?” he said.

The troop deployment was just a “distraction”, opposition United Party for National Development spokesman Anthony Bwalya told AFP.

Sixteen candidates were vying for the top job, but the frontrunners are Lungu, 64, and business tycoon Hichilema, who are facing off at the polls for the third time and who between the two of them garnered almost 98 percent of the votes in the 2016 election.

It is Hichilema’a sixth attempt at the presidency.

“We are confident that we will carry the day,” he said after voting at a secondary school in a leafy suburb of Lusaka. “People want change — you can see it in their faces,” he told reporters.

Addressing opposition fears of fraud, Hichilema said Zambia’s next leader “must be determined by the… voters, not the people who count the votes”.

But by afternoon the internet was partially shut down in the capital Lusaka.

“Social media and messaging platforms including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Messenger are now restricted,” said global observatory NetBlocks.

Student Edward Musayani, 26, who had been queueing for four hours to vote in Chawama township, said he checked his phone in the early afternoon and found that WhatsApp and Facebook had been switched off.

– ‘We are winning’ –

“That’s quite unfortunate in a democratic dispensation like ours. People should have access to information to make informed decisions,” he said.

“You are shutting down the voice of people and this will impact… how people view the election,” he said.

The government had threatened to cut off internet access if people peddled “falsehoods that could destabilise” the election.

After voting earlier Lungu exuded confidence that he would retain the job he has held for the past six years in the copper-rich southern African country.

“We are winning,… I wouldn’t have been in the race if we were not winning,” Lungu said after voting in Chawama, a working class surburb.

The vote “is a test of democracy in Zambia, it is a test ultimately of how fair and freely (the voting takes place),” said political economist Trevor Simumba, adding that the “real test will be in the counting process.”

A flagging economy and rising living costs have eroded Lungu’s support base in recent years, surveys suggest.

Lungu is accused of borrowing unsustainably, particularly from Chinese creditors, to finance a spree of infrastructure projects.

Under his administration, Zambia became the first African country to default on its sovereign debt since the coronavirus pandemic began, while inflation soared to more than 20 percent.

Winding queues of hundreds of people formed before dawn outside polling stations throughout the day, pointing to high turnout.

Lungu’s critics point to poverty and joblessness in the midst of glittering infrastructure.

Around seven million citizens were eligible to vote for a president, legislators and local government representatives.

The winning candidate must acquire more than 50 percent of votes to avoid a second-round runoff.